**Pronouns (代词)** Definition: Pronouns are words that are used to avoid repeating nouns or noun phrases. They can function as subjects, objects, determiners, or complements in a sentence. Main Uses: 1. **As subjects**: They replace nouns to perform the action of a verb. For example, "I am happy." (I as a subject pronoun) 2. **As objects**: They replace nouns that receive the action of a verb. For instance, "Please tell me the truth." (me as an object pronoun) 3. **As determiners**: They possess something, indicating ownership. For example, "His book is on the table." (his as a possessive pronoun) Examples: * Subject: "She sings very well." (she replaces a female noun) * Object: "I saw him yesterday." (him replaces a male noun) * Determiner: "This is our house." (our indicates ownership) **Genitive (属格)** Definition: In grammar, the genitive or genitive case is a noun case used to show possession or relationship. In English, it is often expressed by adding 's or ' to a noun. Main Uses: 1. **Expressing possession**: It clarifies who or what owns something. For instance, "John's car" indicates that the car belongs to John. 2. **Indicating a relationship**: It shows a relationship between a noun and another word. For example, "the dog's owner" clarifies that the owner belongs to the dog. Examples: * "The cat's toy is under the bed." ('s is used to show possession) * "The book of knowledge" (of indicates a relationship between "book" and "knowledge") In summary, pronouns help avoid repetition and clarify references in a sentence, while the genitive case expresses possession or relationship between nouns.
